This course focuses on the learner in terms of holistic child development and wellbeing, within sociocultural contexts, in the early and primary years for interns to develop their skills as ethical, accountable educators, effective professionals, and future cultivators. Interns will examine and critically reflect upon how different children learn, and how different factors interact to influence the holistic growth of children’s development and learning. Interns will develop knowledge and understanding of practices and underlying theories for effectively differentiating learning experiences of learners as individuals and in groups. Particular focus will be given to developing practices, including play, that optimise the full participation of learners displaying different characteristics, including children of determination. During this course, interns will develop in-depth theoretical, research-informed and practical knowledge and understandings of effective strategies for promoting development of physical, cognitive, social, language, and emotional skills of children in the early and primary years. The course provides interns with opportunities to apply theoretical and research-based insights in the critical analysis and design of healthy, safe, play-based, inclusive learning and development environments, in which diverse children can thrive and learn in early and primary years settings.
Week 1
Holistic Child Development, Context, and the Environment
Physical, Cognitive, Language, Emotional, Social, and Cultural domains of development, including variations (e.g. exceptionalities, children of determination, etc.)
Role of play
Relationships and attachment; Role of parents, families, and caregivers in holistic development and variations
Genes and the environment: epigenetics
Role of the environment in providing safe learning for All
Wellbeing in the local context
Required Reading
Feldman (2018). Development Across the Lifespan. Ch 1. pp. 21-46, 60
Landsford et al (2021). Child and adolescent development in a cultural context. Ch. 1 pp. 1-10, 21-26
Yogman, M., Garner, A., Hutchinson, J., Hirsh-Pasek, K., Golinkoff, R. M., Baum, R., ... & Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family Health (2018). The power of play: A pediatric role in enhancing development in young children. Pediatrics, 142(3). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2018-2058
Recommended Reading
Week 2
Holistic Development and the Environment in the Early Years
Required Reading
Feldman (2018). Development Across the Lifespan. Chapters 7-8.
Recommended Readings
Gestwicki, C. (2016). Developmentally appropriate practice: Curriculum and development in early education. Chapter 2. Pp. 34-46.
Britto PR, Lye SJ, Proulx K, Yousafzai AK, Matthews SG, Vaivada T, Perez-Escamilla R, Rao N, Ip P, Fernald LCH, MacMillan H, Hanson M, Wachs TD, Yao H, Yoshikawa H, Cerezo A, Leckman JF, Bhutta ZA; & Early Childhood Development Interventions Review Group, for the Lancet Early Childhood Development Series Steering Committee (2017). Nurturing care: promoting early childhood development. Lancet. 389(10064), 91-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31390-3.
Week 3
Holistic Development and the Environment in the Primary Years
Required Reading
Feldman, R.S. (2018). Development Across the Lifespan. Chapters 9-10.
Recommended Reading
Gestwicki, C. (2016). Developmentally appropriate practice: Curriculum and development in early education. Cengage Learning. Ch 2. pp 46-53.
Jackson JK, Jones J, Nguyen H, Davies I, Lum M, Grady A, Yoong SL. (2021). Obesity Prevention within the Early Childhood Education and Care Setting: A Systematic Review of Dietary Behavior and Physical Activity Policies and Guidelines in High Income Countries. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(2),838. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020838
Week 4
How Children Experience the World and Learn in the Early and Primary years
Required Readings
Recommended Reading
Week 5
How Children Think, Reason, and Learn in the Early and Primary years
Required readings
Landsford et al (2021). Child and adolescent development in a cultural context. Chapter. 3
Weinstein, Y., Sumeracki, M., & Caviglioli, O. (2018). Understanding how we learn: A visual guide. Routledge. Chapter 9
Zhang M, Garnier H, Qian G, Li S. (2023). Effect of 11 Weeks of Physical Exercise on Physical Fitness and Executive Functions in Children. Children (Basel). 10(3):485. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10030485
Recommended readings
Gestwicki, C. (2016). Developmentally appropriate practice: Curriculum and development in early education. Cengage Learning. Chapter 15 pp. 399-416.
Matthews, D., Biney, H., & Abbot-Smith, K. (2018). Individual differences in children’s pragmatic ability: A review of associations with formal language, social cognition, and executive functions. Language Learning and Development, 14(3), 186-223. https://doi.org/10.1080/15475441.2018.1455584
Week 6
How Children Learn with Others in the Early and Primary years
Required reading
Gestwicki, C. (2016). Developmentally appropriate practice: Curriculum and development in early education. Cengage Learning. Chapter 11, pp. 288-296, 305-312, and Chapter 12, pp. 321-329
Healey, A., Mendelsohn, A., Sells, J. M., Donoghue, E., Earls, M., Hashikawa, A., ... & Williams, P. G. (2019). Selecting appropriate toys for young children in the digital era. Pediatrics, 143(1). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2018-3348
Recommended readings
Friedman, S., Wright, B.L., Masterson, M.L., & National Association for the Education of Young Children (2021). Developmentally appropriate practice in early childhood programs serving children from birth through age 8. National Association for the Education of Young Children - NAEYC. Chapter 5
Siegel, D. J. (2020). The developing mind: How relationships and the brain interact to shape who we are. Guilford Publications. Chapter 4
Week 7
The Learning Environment: supportive, safe, inclusive, and positive environments for full participation in the early and primary years
Promoting prosocial behavior
Positive Approaches
Promoting resilience and empowerment in children
Choices (quiet spaces; active spaces) • Quality play
Required Reading
Nagro, S. A., Fraser, D. W., & Hooks, S. D. (2019). Lesson planning with engagement in mind: Proactive classroom management strategies for curriculum instruction. Intervention in School and Clinic, 54(3), 131-140. https://doi.org/10.1177/1053451218767905
Recommended Reading
Khan, M., Bell, S., McGeown, S., & de Oliveira, E. S. (2019). Designing an outdoor learning environment for and with a primary school community: A case study in Bangladesh. Landscape research. Activities: Designing inclusive environments and practices linked to observation scales, 95-110.https://doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2019.1569217
Week 8
The Learning Environment: inclusive environments in the early and primary years – group strategies
Required readings
Friedman, S., Wright, B.L., Masterson, M.L., & National Association for the Education of Young Children (2021). Developmentally appropriate practice in early childhood programs serving children from birth through age 8. National Association for the Education of Young Children - NAEYC. Chapter 6
Katz, J. (2013). The Three Block Model of Universal Design for Learning (UDL): Engaging students in inclusive education. Canadian Journal of Education, 36(1), 153-194. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1002311.pdf
Recommended Reading
Week 9
The Learning Environment: inclusive environments in the early and primary years – Individual Strategies
Required Readings
Friedman, S., Wright, B.L., Masterson, M.L., & National Association for the Education of Young Children (2021). Developmentally appropriate practice in early childhood programs serving children from birth through age 8. National Association for the Education of Young Children - NAEYC. Chapter 9
Minott, M. (2019). Reflective teaching, inclusive teaching and the teacher’s tasks in the inclusive classroom: A literary investigation. British Journal of Special Education, 46(2), 226-238. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8578.12260
Recommended Reading
Week 10
Curriculum and Learning Progression: Links to Child Development
Required Readings
Drake, S. M., & Reid, J. L. (2018). Integrated curriculum as an effective way to teach 21st century capabilities. Asia Pacific Journal of Educational Research, 1(1), 31-50.
Gestwicki, C. (2016). Developmentally appropriate practice: Curriculum and development in early education. Cengage Learning. Chapter. 4
Recommended Readings
Aljabreen, H. (2020). Montessori, Waldorf, and Reggio Emilia: A Comparative Analysis of Alternative Models of Early Childhood Education. International Journal of Early Childhood, 52(3), 337-353. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13158-020-00277-1
Kippels, S., & Ridge, N. (2019). The growth and transformation of K–12 education in the UAE. In Education in the United Arab Emirates (pp. 37-55). Springer.
Week 11
The Larger Environment: role of educators, schools, families, and the community in nurturing holistic child development in the early and primary years
Required readings
Friedman, S., Wright, B.L., Masterson, M.L., & National Association for the Education of Young Children (2021). Developmentally appropriate practice in early childhood programs serving children from birth through age 8. National Association for the Education of Young Children - NAEYC. Chapter. 7
UNESCO. Division for Inclusion, Peace and Sustainable Development, Education Sector (2017). Education for sustainable development goals: Learning objectives. p18-19.
Recommended readings
McKelvie-Sebileau P, Rees D, Swinburn B, Gerritsen S, D'Souza E, Tipene-Leach D. (2021). Combining Cognitive Mapping and indigenous knowledge to improve food environments in regional New Zealand. Health Promotion Journal of Australia. 1– 11. https://doi.org/10.1002/hpja.549
Weinstein, Y., Sumeracki, M., & Caviglioli, O. (2018). Understanding how we learn: A visual guide. Routledge. Chapter 13